Knee Injuries

Many studies including a study by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) reveal that female athletes experience anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries more frequently than their male counterparts. The exact reasons why female athletes are at higher risk for ACL injuries are currently being investigated. The greater incidence of non-contact ACL injuries in women probably stems from complex, interrelated factors including hamstring-quadriceps strength imbalances, landing technique, joint laxity, and possibly hormonal influences. A number of studies designed to prevent ACL injuries using training techniques to improve muscle imbalances and landing techniques have shown promise in reducing the number of injuries.

The anterior cruciate ligament of the knee is often stretched or torn by the sudden twisting or planting of the feet common in many sports activities. If the ligament is torn, the person may hear an initial popping sound at the time of the injury, develop swelling and pain in the knee. The athlete may have difficulty bearing weight on the leg and may feel a "giving way" of the knee.

To diagnose knee ligament damage, an exam of the knee is performed. Specific tests during the knee exam help determine if the ACL is injured. Radiographs are frequently normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to detect ACL injuries.

Treatment of cruciate ligament tears varies depending on the individual and the severity of the injury. Treatment options should be discussed with a sports medicine physician.